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  • Assessment
    In adults and children, what is the effect of dietary calcium on the sodium and blood pressure relationship?
    • Conclusion

      There is no evidence to examine how dietary calcium affects the relationship between sodium and blood pressure. More research is needed in this area.

       

    • Grade: V
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    In adults and children, what is the effect of dietary potassium on the sodium and blood pressure relationship?
    • Conclusion

      In six out of seven studies that included adolescents (age 13 to 16 years) and adults, potassium (K) significantly affected the relationship between sodium (Na) and blood pressure (BP). A greater effect of K on the Na-BP relationship was observed in the following groups: Subjects with salt-sensitivity, black subjects, females, and in older subjects.

      * In some studies, PHTN may also include NTN, due to changes in the definition of each.

    • Grade: I
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    In adults and children, what is the effect of mineral interactions and other dietary factors on the sodium and blood pressure relationship?
    • Conclusion

      Limited research indicates mixed results regarding the relationship between mineral interactions and other dietary factors on the sodium and blood pressure (BP) relationship. Two studies found that calcium (10 to 25mmol per day) and potassium (10 to 60mmol per day) prevented the age-related rise in BP in children who were salt-sensitive or improved BP control in adults on less than 2,400mg per day sodium diet. A third study failed to show a relationship. More research is needed to clarify the relationship.

       

    • Grade: III
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.