• Assessment
    Does cessation of the chemical use of nicotine have an acute effect on resting metabolic rate?
    • Conclusion

      One cohort study of moderate quality reported group mean RMR increases of 63.2 and 54.3 kcals/d two-weeks after smoking cessation in black and white individuals respectively who had prior moderately high to high daily nicotine exposure. Individuals also showed a statistically-significant mean weight increase of 0.84 kg over two weeks (1%) and did not differ by ethnicity (P< 0.02).

    • Grade: IV
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    Does the chemical use of nicotine have a chronic effect on resting metabolic rate?
    • Conclusion

      No data are available to indicate duration of the thermic effect of nicotine on RMR >8 and </= 24 hours.

    • Grade: V
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    In adult females, does the chemical use of nicotine have an acute effect on resting metabolic rate?
    • Conclusion

      One primary research trial administering moderately high nicotine exposure via cigarettes or nicotine gum, in non-obese individuals produced a group mean increase of 7.5% in the first 60 minutes and a group mean average nicotine thermic effect on RMR (i.e., change due to nicotine minus change due to placebo) across 160 minutes of 5.7%. Another trial administered moderate nicotine exposure using chewing gum or cigarettes and reported an 18.5% group mean RMR increase (243 kcal) from baseline within 10 minutes that decreased to within baseline RMR 70-90 minutes after exposure. In the same study, a moderate nicotine exposure using cigarettes produced an initial 12% group mean RMR increase above baseline within the first 10 minutes (156 kcals) and fell below baseline mean RMR 30-100 minutes after exposure. Because of the various nicotine administration routes and limited age range representation in studies, there is not a clear dose-response effect in females.

    • Grade: IV
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    In adult men, does the chemical use of nicotine have an acute effect on resting metabolic rate?
    • Conclusion

      One study of moderate quality reported individual RMR thermic effects of nicotine ranged from -5.4% to +12.6% or -4.3 to +10.8 kcals/h over 120 minutes following moderate nicotine exposure (e.g., equivalent to 1 cigarette). Four primary research trials indicated nicotine administered at high (i.e., equivalent to >/= ~12 cigarettes), moderately high (i.e., ~3-11 cigarettes), moderate (i.e., ~1-2 cigarettes) and low doses (i.e., ~ < ½ cigarette) via nasal spray, nicotine gum, or cigarettes in non-obese adults produces a group mean RMR increase between 4 to 9 % over baseline levels in the first 15 -30 minutes. The elevated group mean RMR remains two hours post-nicotine exposure. Because of the various nicotine administration routes and limited age range representation in studies, there is not a clear dose-response effect in males.

       

      No data are available to indicate duration of the thermic effect of nicotine on RMR >2 and </=8 hours.

    • Grade: II
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.