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Intervention
For the patient with heart failure, is there an optimal level of fluid and/or sodium restriction which will reduce heart failure symptomology and morbidity/mortality in heart failure?
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Conclusion
The limited available evidence supports a 2,000-mg-per-day sodium diet and 1.5L per day fluid restriction. Some studies found a benefit in quality of life, NYHA functional class, sleep disturbance, physical activity, edema, BNP and blood pressure. One recent randomized controlled trial study with a small sample size and short duration indicated a tolerance for a sodium range of 1,610mg to 5,750mg per day for the compensated medically-treated heart failure patient.
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Grade: II
- Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
- Grade II is Fair;
- Grade III is Limited/Weak;
- Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
- Grade V is Not Assignable.
- High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
- Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
- Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
- Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
- Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
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Conclusion